Story behind the art of Eunike Nugroho

Curious Allies: Mutualism in Fungi, Parasites, and Carnivores

The Fifth New York Botanical Garden Triennial

Peculiar Parasite

Rhizanthes lowii

As I explored the exhibition's theme, thoughts of Rafflesia arnoldii immediately filled my mind, an endemic species of Sumatra and Borneo renowned for its colossal bloom, marking it as one of Indonesia's iconic plants known worldwide. However, a conversation with my botanist friend, Reza Raihan, diverted my attention to a hidden gem: Rhizanthes.

While Rafflesia basks in the spotlight, Rhizanthes lingers in the shadows, a forgotten wonder awaiting recognition. Its lesser-known species lie shrouded in mystery. With populations dwindling due to deforestation and unchecked harvesting for traditional medicine, it's concerning that none of the four Rhizanthes species are listed in the IUCN Red List or in the CITES Appendices, leaving this botanical enigma facing an uncertain future.

I chose to paint Rhizanthes lowii (Becc.) Harms, a native holoparasitic plant found in Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, and Borneo. Holoparasitic plants cannot photosynthesize. They obtain all nutrients and water from a host plant. Devoid of leaves, stems, or roots, the only visible structure of Rhizanthes lowii is the flower that emerges from its host vine, Tetrastigma sp.

The blooming flower, with its peculiar appearance resembling a monster with long tentacles, exudes a putrid odor, attracting carrion flies. Remarkably, the flower can produce heat, up to several degrees Celsius above ambient, and appears to regulate this temperature throughout its flowering period.

With invaluable support from my researcher friends, Reza Raihan and Rio Ardi, who provided me with data and references, I painted Rhizanthes lowii in its various growth stages, from early bud to blooming, when the petal-like organs called perigone or perianth open. Capturing the intricate details of the flower's various epidermal hairs, which are crucial for species identification, required patience and specific watercolor techniques, including the use of masking fluid and gouache.

Through my artwork, I aim to shed light on the plight of this extraordinary parasitic plant, evoking curiosity, and compassion in all who encounter it, as understanding is key to truly appreciating the wonders of our natural world.

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Read more about this artist's work: Abundant Future